Meaning:(felt) stockingsRussian meaning:(войлочные) чулкиOld Turkic:ujuq (OUygh. - late)Turkish:ujuk (dial.)Tatar:ŭjɨqTurkmen:ujuq (dial.)Kazakh:ŭjɨqNoghai:ujɨqBashkir:ŭjŭqBalkar:ujükComments:ДТС 608, VEWT 511, ЭСТЯ 1, 581-582, Лексика 481. The root should be distinguished from *uk q. v. sub *p`òk`à (there is no way of uniting them phonetically).
Meaning:kin, tribeRussian meaning:род, племяOld Turkic:uq ˜ oq 'kin, tribe'Karakhanid:uq ˜ oq (MK) 'share of inheritance'Oyrat:uqChuvash:jъʷxTuva:uqKazakh:ŭq (dial.)Comments:VEWT 511, ЭСТЯ 1, 582-583, Егоров 76. The OT words are sometimes erroneously united with *ok 'arrow' (thus in EDT 76).
Proto-Turkic:*ukAltaic etymology:
Meaning:felt stockingRussian meaning:войлочный чулокKarakhanid:uɣuq (MK)Middle Turkic:uq (Pav. C.)Khakassian:uxOyrat:uqTuva:uqComments:EDT 83, ЭСТЯ 1, 581, Лексика 481. The form in MK is probably = *uk-ug (derived from the simple *uk reflected elsewhere). The root should be distinguished from *ujuk (v. sub *ujV(k`V)).
Meaning:1 to extend, prolong 2 to attach, join (ends)Russian meaning:1 удлинять, надставлять, продлевать 2 присоединятьOld Turkic:ula- 2 (OUygh.)Karakhanid:ula- 2 (MK)Turkish:ula- 2Tatar:ŭla- (dial.)Middle Turkic:ula- (Pav. C.) 2Uzbek:ulä- 1, 2Uighur:uli- 2Turkmen:ula- 1, 2Khakassian:ula- 1Shor:ula- 1Oyrat:ula- 1, 2Tuva:ula- 1, 2Kirghiz:ula- 2Comments:EDT 126-127, ЭСТЯ 1, 587-588. The original meaning was certainly 'to extend, prolong' - as seen also from the derivatives *ula-m 'still more, continuously' (ЭСТЯ 1, 591) (whence Mong. *ulam id., see TMN 2, 107), *ula-ju 'still more, as much as', *ulag 'order, relay, relay station' (ЭСТЯ 1, 588-590) (whence Mong. *ulaɣa id., see TMN 2, 106, Щербак 1997, 161; with the meaning 'relay horse' penetrated into some Ugric languages, despite Sinor 1965, 312-315 who proposed an opposite direction of borrowing);
Proto-Turkic:*uĺa-Altaic etymology:
Meaning:1 small, minute 2 to become crushed, pulverized, smaller 3 to crush, pulverizeRussian meaning:1 мелкий, маленький 2 дробиться, становиться меньше 3 растирать, дробитьKarakhanid:uša-l- 2, ušaq 1Turkish:ušak 1Middle Turkic:ušaq 1, ušal- 2 (Бор. Бад.), ušat- 3 (Бор. Бад., Abush., Pav. C.)Uzbek:ušal- 2, ušɔq 1Uighur:ušaq (dial.), uššaq 1Azerbaidzhan:ušaG 1Turkmen:uša- 2, ušaq 1Khakassian:uzax 1Oyrat:uža- 3Kirghiz:ušat- 3, ušaq 1Kazakh:ŭsaq 1, ŭsat- 3Gagauz:ušaq 1Karakalpak:usaq 1, usat- 3Comments:EDT 16, 262 (deriving the forms from uvša- which is hardly the case), ЭСТЯ 1, 617-618.
Meaning:1 big 2 great 3 grown-up, greatRussian meaning:1 большой 2 великий 3 взрослый, крупныйOld Turkic:uluɣ 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)Karakhanid:uluɣ 1 (MK, KB)Turkish:ulu 2Tatar:ölkɛn 1Middle Turkic:uluɣ, uluq 1 (Pav. C.)Uighur:uluɣ 1Azerbaidzhan:ulu 2Turkmen:ulɨ 1Khakassian:uluɣ 1Yakut:ulaxan, ulū 1Dolgan:ulakan, ulū 1Tuva:uluɣ 1Tofalar:uluɣ 1Kirghiz:uluu 2Kazakh:ulken 1Noghai:üjken 1Bashkir:ölkän 1Balkar:ullu 1Karakalpak:ülken 1Comments:VEWT 513, 520, TMN 2, 117-118, EDT 136, ЭСТЯ 1, 593-594, 630, Stachowski 242, 243. Turkic languages reveal two variants (*ulug and *ülken, the latter being represented only in modern languages), probably interrelated. Despite Bang TB X and TMN 2, 118 it is hard to see any relationship between *ulug (hardly *ullug: some modern forms must have secondary gemination here) and *ul 'foundation'.
